Unlike conventional CD and DVD technologies, which use a red laser to read and write data, the new Blu-ray format uses a blue-violet laser. Due to its shorter wavelength and tracking pitch compared with the red laser, it is able to pack data more densely on the same size disc. Consequently, while retaining a 12cm diameter, the Blu-ray Disc (single-layer) can store approximately five times more data than a single–layer DVD.

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